![]() ![]() ![]() Gender is a critical determinant of mental health and mental illness gender differences in mental disorders extend beyond differences in the rates of various disorders and their differential time of onset or course, and include a number of factors that can affect risk or susceptibility, diagnosis, treatment and adjustment to mental disorder. Gender analysis improves understanding of the epidemiology of health problems, detection and treatment of health problems in underreported groups and relevance of public health services, and also increases the potential for greater public participation in health. This last covers large-scale cultural, social, economic and political processes that ultimately produce differential health risks for women and men. Gender-based differences may be biomedical (genetic, hormonal, anatomic, physiological), psychosocial (personality, coping, symptom reporting), epidemiological (population-based risk factors) or even global. Sex denotes biologically determined characteristics, while gender indicates culturally and socially shaped variations between men and women, and is related to how we are perceived and expected to think and act as women and men because of the way society is organized, not because of biological differences. Unfortunately, “gender” is increasingly used inappropriately as a substitute for “sex”, particularly in the biomedical literature, a tendency which has created confusion. In adulthood, women have a higher prevalence of most affective disorders and non-affective psychoses and men have higher rates of substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder. During adolescence, girls have a higher prevalence of depression and eating disorders, and engage more in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts than boys, who are more prone to engage in high-risk behaviours and are more likely to commit suicide. Conduct disorder is the commonest psychiatric disorder in childhood 3 times as many boys as girls are affected. Gender differences in prevalence of mental disorders vary across age groups. This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. Il existe des différences sexospécifiques dans les taux ou les corrélats de la dépression mais elles peuvent varier d’un pays à l’autre.ġDepartment of Research and Studies, Directorate General of Planning, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman (Correspondence to M. Les mauvaises relations avec les parents affectaient davantage les filles que les garçons à Alexandrie et dans l’échantillon fusionné. Les antécédents de mauvais traitements durant l’adolescence permettaient de prédire la dépression dans presque tous les modèles. À Oman, toutefois, il n’y avait pas de différence significative. À Alexandrie, le taux de symptômes dépressifs chez les filles était presque le double de celui des garçons. Des modèles de régression logistique multivariée ont été utilisés pour étudier les corrélats de la dépression. RÉSUMÉ Afin d’examiner les différences entre adolescents et adolescentes, on a établi les taux de dépression et les facteurs associés pour des adolescents d’écoles secondaires dans 2 échantillons différents, 552 à Sharqiya Sud (Oman) et 1577 à Alexandrie (Égypte). La dépression chez les adolescents : différences sexospécifiques à Oman et en Égypte Gender differences in rates or correlates of depression exist but may differ for different countries. Poor relationship with parents affected girls more than boys in Alexandria and in the merged sample. History of abuse during adolescence predicted depression in almost all the models. In Oman, however, there was no significant difference. In Alexandria, the rate of having depressive symptoms in girls was almost double that in boys. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the correlates of depression. ABSTRACT To investigate the differences between adolescent boys and girls, the rates of depression and associated factors were determined for secondary school adolescents in 2 different samples, 552 in South Sharqiya, Oman, and 1577 in Alexandria, Egypt.
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